在读乐谱时,辨识出基本的音乐结构 | Hub Guitar

在读乐谱时,辨识出基本的音乐结构

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As you read music, you'll start to notice that you'll encounter patterns and written music that you already know how to play. So now all you have to do is figure out how to quickly link the notation to something you can already do.

Let's talk about reading chords.

A stack of notes on consecutive lines or spaces is really a stack of thirds. And a stack of thirds is a closed position triad, usually a major or minor chord.

If you take the lowest note in that stack of thirds and put it on top, you've got a chord in its first inversion. It has the appearance of a third with a fourth on top. So the first chord is a stack of thirds C major, second chord, a third with a fourth. The shape itself looks like the stack of thirds but with a small gap between the top two notes.

If you repeat that, now the gap is between the bottom two notes, and the chord is in its second inversion.

Music that appears to be a melody may also sometimes be nothing more than the notes of the chord. So it helps to be able to look across a measure or two and visualize what chords might be formed when all of the notes are combined.

As you get more experience with sight reading, you'll start to recognize many of the patterns that you already know how to play. You'll also be able to look ahead in the music by one or two measures, combining what you see there to find if there are any chord shapes that can be used to play the pattern.


不断重复得音乐模式

当你在读乐谱时,你会遇到许多音乐结构。这些非常基本的音乐结构成为了音乐的核心。高阶的弹奏者能够马上辨认出这些音乐结构,这大大地简化了整个读乐谱的过程。所以对于初学者来说,你们应该坚信不久以后你也会有这样的能力。

读和弦乐谱

和弦模式,不管是横向(和弦作为琶音演奏旋律)还是纵向(和弦与音符一起在和声中演奏)随着时间推移,你都能够识别出它们。虽然和弦是如何构造出来的研究已经超过本课的范围,但是我们会看到一些例子。

这个例子的第一小节是根音C大调和弦。一旦读者看到在连续的三线三连的空间结构,他们会认出这是一个三和弦(基本和弦)。你知道怎样弹吉他三和弦,所以弹C大调三和弦肯定比你把它想象成独立的音符要来的简单。当然了,每一次弹奏一个以上的音符也就意味着每一次要弹不止一根琴弦,所以读者要安排好三个音符在三根不同的琴弦上位置。

在第二小节中的这个和弦叫做第一转位和弦。其实它就是在第一小节的基础上,把底部的“C”翻转到高一个八度的C。如果你还没有学习转位和弦的话不用担心这一点。其实重要的是,你学习的所有吉他音乐结构都是可以用符号表示的,当你知道怎样弹奏这些符号的时候,读乐谱就会变得很容易。

写的像旋律一样的和弦

你可能不会一直知道你是在看一个和弦乐谱,因为有的时候,它会伪装变相的呈现在你面前。

当你初看上面这个例子的时候,你可能会觉得这就是一个普通的旋律。但在你弹奏它之后,你可能会注意到它其实是Aminor和弦。久而久之,当你学会用你的眼睛提前扫描乐谱的时候,你就培养了自己超前看乐谱的技巧,而且你还能识别出多个小节的音符组成的音乐结构。这样会帮助你选择更好的方法来弹奏。就像这个例子里,有经验的吉他手可能会先快速的弹奏整个Am和弦,然后用正确的节奏再弹拨一遍,这样比你一个一个弹要简单多了。

有些时候正确性不重要

如果一个和弦被很清楚的写在旋律中,作曲者是否为音符写下完全准确的值,这点我们不是很清楚,可能其中有些会不同。在上面的例子中,每一个音符都可以按照书写的长度来弹,或者他们也可以变成一个展开的琶音。由于上面第二个例子很难用符号来标记,作曲家可能会选择用简单的方式写出来,但希望弹奏的人能自己弄明白。然而,他们也可能用其他的方法来暗示怎样解读这些音符。

Strict Notation: 可以弹出声来的音符

虽然看上去有一点复杂,这其实是正确的方法来告诉你,这个和弦是琶音和弦,而且这些音符都可以弹出声来。

Strict Notation: 缩短音符

这个告诉你音符被缩短(比它表示的其实更短)。还可以用tenutoA tenuto is a flat horizontal line written above a notehead to indicate that note should be given its exact literal amount, not longer and not shorter.来表示。在这个情况下,不总是给出特定的标记。

你可以看出来这个例子里的和弦吗?

虽然不是很明显,但这里确实是有和弦的,这个例子,你最好用 开放 Cmaj 和弦来弹奏。按high “C” 的手指会抬起去弹奏 “B”。

As the creator of Hub Guitar, Grey has compiled hundreds of guitar lessons, written several books, and filmed hundreds of video lessons. He teaches private lessons in his Boston studio, as well as via video chat through TakeLessons.

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